Krishna Infrared Detector K.I.N.D. Laboratory

Congratulations to our 2024 PhD Graduates!

Congratulations to Dr. Amber Arquitola, Dr. Hyemin Jung, and Dr. Mariah Schwartz for completing their graduate careers and being awarded PhDs.

NAMBE MBE Innovation Award

Congratulations to Dr. Sanjay Krishna for winning the prestigious MBE Innovation Award from the NAMBE 2022

Congratulations to our 2022 Graduates! 

Congratulations to our 2022 KIND Lab Graduates including Sophie, Nathan, Kezia and Ji Hwan. We wish you all the best in your future endeavors. We are proud to have Sophie and Nathan continue their education with us at the KIND Lab for graduate school. 

Newly minted Dr. Seunghyun Lee

Please join me in congratulating our newly minted, Dr. Seunghyun Lee. Seunghyun made an outstanding presentation and successfully defended his PhD dissertation on May 4, 2022. Seunghyun’s work has not only paved the way to advance the state of the art in LmAPDs, but also opened up several scientific questions that could be the basis of future PhD dissertations. 

2022 ECE Faculty Awards 

April 11th, 2022

Please, join me in congratulating Asimina, Hongping, Lisa and Sanjay for these fantastic achievements!!

• Asimina Kiourti, 2022 College of Engineering Dean’s Award for Distinguished Outreach Achievements
• Hongping Zhao, 2022 BEWEL Leadership in Innovation Award
• Lisa Fiorentini, 2022 Honda- Ohio State University Partnership Award
• Sanjay Krishna, 2022 Ralph L. Boyer Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Engineering Innovation

Undergraduate Research Posters

March 13th, 2022

Nathan Gajowski and Sophie Mills both created posters containing their research! Nathan's poster is on the left and Sophie's poster is on the right.

Nathan Gajowski Earns Denman Undergraduate Research Forum Award

March 10th, 2022

Congratulations to Nathan who has earned a Denman Undergraduate Research Forum Award! Dr. Krishna and Nathan attended the award ceremony at the Barrister Club in Columbus, Ohio. 

Seunghyun Lee's Article on RA AlGaAsSb Published and Chosen for Editor's Pick

February 14th, 2022

Congratulations to Seunghyun and fellow contributors from the University of Virginia and the University of Illinois at Chicago for the publication of "Random alloy thick AlGaAsSb avalanche photodiodes on InP substrates" and it's being chosen for Editor's Pick! 

New Project Awarded!

ALTITUDE: Affordable LIDAR Technologies for IntegraTion and Unmanned Deployment 

November 11th, 2021

The project will address sensor needs in the commercial aerospace and defense/space markets by developing low cost, manufacturable, and miniaturized Flash LIDAR (i.e., imaging LIDAR) technologies that operate at 1.55 and 2 microns, which are currently unavailable commercially. Existing Flash LIDAR systems operating at short wavelengths (<1 micron) do not meet AFRL or NASA needs for long range, eye safe operation. Although these gaps can be addressed by operation at longer wavelengths, state of the art detector arrays operating at 1.55 and 2 micron are too large and costly for deployment on small air platforms. Recent advances in antimonide-based avalanche photodiode (APD) detectors can be leveraged to produce smaller, inexpensive, and manufacturable LIDAR receivers at 1.55 and 2 microns. Development of Flash LIDAR technologies at these wavelengths will help establish an Ohio-based supply chain with small business and large industry. We will engage student interns in all phases of the research as part of our efforts to train a high-tech workforce and establish Ohio as a leader in Flash LIDAR research and manufacturing.

Sponsor: Ohio Federal Research Network

Seunghyun Lee Wins the 2021 ECE Kraus Memorial Graduate Student Poster Competition

August 30, 2021

SeungHyun Lee was awarded first place in the 2021 ECE Kraus Memorial Graduate Student Poster Competition. His research, “Low noise AlGaAsSb avalanche photodiodes for eye-safe LiDAR applications," focuses on finding APD material allowing for longer LiDAR wavelength.  

Mariah Schwartz Awarded DAGSI Fellowship

June 7, 2021

Mariah Schwartz has been awarded the Defense Associated Graduate Student Innovators (DAGSI) fellowship for three years. The DAGSI fellowship program partners Ohio graduate students in science and engineering with the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base on targeted areas of research.

Mariah's work will be focusing on 2 micron InGaAs/GaAsSb superlattice avalanche photodiodes on InP substrates for lidar applications. The avalanche photodiodes will implement separate absorption, charge and multiplication layers for optimal performance. Her primary work will be on the fabrication and characterization of the photodiodes.

Seunghyun Lee Awarded the Presidential Fellowship

May 10, 2021

Seunghyun Lee, Ph.D Candidate, in the KIND group won the Presidential Fellowship. This fellowship is considered the most competitive and prestigious scholarly recognition offered at the university. This will provides the opportunity and funds to devote full-time efforts to his dissertation research. 

ECE Department Article on Seunghyun Lee.

Accelerator Award for LITE Detectors

May 07, 2020

Congratulations to Dr. Sanjay Krishna, graduate researcher Sri Harsha Kodati, Professor Wu Lu, and graduate researcher Vishank Talesara on being awarded an Accelerator Award to further develop the Lateral Interband Type-II Engineered Detectors (LITE Detectors)! Sri Harsha Kodati has been leading the effort to model and assess this detector, and now this team will work together to demonstrate a prototype and advance this concept towards commercialization.

The Accelerator Awards program grant of $100,000 will help develop this technology to the point that it is ready to be licensed by an Ohio-based startup company. The program is funded by the Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation and Startup Fund (TVSF) and Ohio State and administered through the Corporate Engagement Office.

The Accelerator Awards program and the 2019-2020 awardees.

TJ Ronningen, NOGLSTP Board Member

April 12, 2019

KIND Research Scientist TJ Ronningen volunteers as a board member with the National Organization of Gay and Lesbian Scientists and Technical Professionals (NOGLSTP). In March, NOGLSTP hosted its Out To Innovate summit at the University of Southern California. At Out To Innovate, NOGLSTP invites lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and allied students and professionals in STEM to join for a weekend of networking, career development, and skill building. TJ attended the summit and organized NOGLSTP’s annual awards for the LGBTQ Educator, Engineer, and Scientist of the Year for 2019.

We're very proud to see members of our research group working for causes that are important to them as well as support minority involvement in the STEM fields. Thanks you, TJ, for setting an example for all of us to follow!

Teressa Specht Awarded DAGSI Fellowship

May 16, 2018

Congratulations to Teressa for winning the DAGSI fellowship. 

Seunghuyn Lee Awarded Special Scholarships

May 1, 2018

We would like to congratulate Teressa Specht on receiving the prestigious Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) Fellowship and Seunghyun Lee on being granted a Special Scholarship.

Sen Mathews : International Scholar Research Exposition Reception 2017

November 17, 2017

Sen Mathews presented his poster in International Scholar Research Exposition Reception 2017 at OSU and, Dr. Sanjay Krishna and his colleges (Seunghyun and Vinita) also attended to celebrate him.

Sen Mathews said to Dr. Krishna that I appreciate the opportunity that you gave me. Dr. Krishna responded to Sen that "we just got started to be the first one in the world together".

Vinita Dahiya Earns iREDEFINE Awards

March 22, 2017

Congratulations to PhD student Vinita Dahiya who has earned the iREDEFINE awards!

ECE Team Awarded $3 Million to Advance Infrared Detector Technologies at Ohio State

March 1, 2017

Dr. Krishna's research group is awarded $3 Million to advance infrared detector technologies. 

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2024

• Tempel, S., Winslow, M., Kodati, S.H., Lee, S., Ronningen, T.J., Krishna , S., Krishnamurthy, S. and Grein, C., “A comparative study of impact ionization and avalanche multiplication in InAs, HgCdTe, and InAlAs/InAsSb superlattice,” Appl Phys Lett, 2024.

• Liu, Y., Jin, X., Lee, S., Jung, H., Lewis, H.I., Guo, B., Kodati, S., Schawrtz, M., Gerin, C., Ronningen, T., Campbell, J., Krishna, S. and David, J.P., Very high gain and low noise GaAsSb/AlGaAsSb avalanche photodiodes for 1550nm detection at room temperature, 2024 , SPIE OPTO.

• Guo, B., Liang, B., Ahmed, S., Krishna, S. and Campbell, J., Optical constants of digital alloy InGaAs, 2024, SPIE OPTO.

2023

• Ronningen, T.J., Kodati, S.H., Jin, X., Lee, S., Jung, H., Tao, X., Lewis, H., Schwartz, M., Gajowski, N., Martyniuk, P., Guo, B., Jones, A.H., Campbell, J.C., Grein, C.H., David, J.P.R. and Krishna, S., “Investigation of impact ionization of AlInAsSb on an InP Substrate,” Appl Phys Lett, 2023.

• Morath, C.P., Casias , L.K., Umana-Membreno , G.A., Webster, P.T., Grant , P.C., Maestas, D., Cowan, V.M., Faraone , L., Krishna, S. and Balakrishnan, G., “Carrier concentration and in-plane mobility in both non-intentionally and Si-doped InAsSb and InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice materials for space-based infrared detectors,” Opto-Electron Rev, 2023.

• Lewis, H.I.J., Jin, X., Guo, B., Lee, S., Jung, H., Kodati, S.H., Liang, B., Krishna, S., Ong, D.S., Campbell, J.C. and David, J.P.R., “Anomalous excess noise behavior in thick Al(0.85)Ga(0.15)As(0.56)Sb(0.44) avalanche photodiodes,” Sci Rep, 2023.

• Lee, S., Jin, X., Jung, H., Lewis, H., Liu, Y., Guo, B., Kodati, S.H., Schwartz, M., Grein, C.H., Ronningen, T.J., David, J.P.R., Campbell, J.C. and Krishna, S., “High Gain, Low Noise, Room Temperature 1550 nm GaAsSb/AlGaAsSb Avalanche Photodiodes,” Optica, 2023.
• Jung, H., Lee, S., Liu, Y., Jin, X., David, J.P.R. and Krishna, S., “High Electric Field Characteristics of GaAsSb Photodiodes on InP Substrates,” Appl Phys Lett, 2023.
• Braga, O.M., Delfino, C.A., Kawabata, R.M.S., Pinto, L.D., Vieira, G.S., Pires, M.P., Souza, P.L., Marega, E., Carlin, J.A. and Krishna, S., “Impact of residual doping on surface current of InGaAs/InP photodiode passivated with regrown InP,” Opto-Electron Rev, 2023.
• Bhardwaj, B., Bothra, U., Singh, S., Mills, S., Ronningen, T.J., Krishna, S. and Kabra, D., “Suppressing leakage current by interfacial engineering for highly sensitive, broadband, self-powered FACsPbI3 perovskite photodetectors,” Applied Physics Reviews, 2023.
• Arquitola, A., Lee, S., Jung, H., Nooman, N. and Krishna, S., “Contactless Measurement of Minority Carrier Lifetime and Background Carrier Concentration in Unintentionally Doped GaAsSb for Short-Wave Infrared Detection,” AIP Advances, 2023.
• Arquitola, A., Jung, H., Lee, S., Ronningen, T.J. and Krishna, S., “Assessment of Surface Recombination in Mid-Wave Infrared InAsSb nBn Detectors using Transient Microwave Reflectance,” AIP Advances, 2023.

• B. Guo et al., "Impact Ionization Coefficients of Digital Alloy and Random Alloy Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 in a Wide Electric Field Range," in Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 40, no. 14, pp. 4758-4764, 15 July15, 2022.

• Tempel, S., Winslow, M., Kodati, S.H., Lee, S., Ronningen, T., Campbell, J., Krishna, S., Krishnamurthy, S. and Grein, C., Material optimization for extended short-wavelength and mid-wavelength infrared avalanche photodiodes, 2023, Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XIX.

• Schwartz, M., Jung, H., Lee, S., Muduli, M., Ronningen, T.J., Ball, C., Grein, C. and Krishna, S., Development of Antimonide-Based Avalanche Photodiodes for SWIR Remote Sensing Applications, 2023, IGARSS.

• Muduli, M., Schwartz, M., Gajowski, N., Lee, S. and Krishna, S., Investigation of Zn-diffusion in 2-micron InGaAs/GaAsSb superlattice planar diodes using atomic layer deposition of ZnO, 2023, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

• Krishna, S., Antimonide Based Infrared Avalanche Photodiodes, 2023, Jeju, South Korea, Compound Semiconductor Week 2023.

• Guo, B., Schwartz, M., Kodati, S.H., McNicholas, K.M., Jung, H., Lee, S., Konowitch, J., Chen, D., Bai, J., Guo, X., Ronningen, T.J., Grein, C.H., Campbell, J.C. and Krishna, S., Low-Noise InGaAs/AlInAsSb Avalanche Photodiodes on InP Substrates, 2023, IPC 2023.

• Arquitola, A., Nooman, N., Lee, S., Jung, H. and Krishna, S., Investigation of recombination mechanisms in GaAsSb photodiodes using minority carrier lifetime measurements, 2023, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

2022

• Lee, S., Guo, B., Kodati, S.H., Jung, H., Schwartz, M., Jones, A.H., Winslow, M., Grein, C.H., Ronningen, T.J., Campbell, J.C. and Krishna, S., “Random alloy thick AlGaAsSb avalanche photodiodes on InP substrates,” Appl Phys Lett, 2022.

• Schwartz, M., Kodati, S.H., Lee, S., Jung, H., Chen, D., Grein, C.H., Ronningen, T.J., Campbell, J.C. and Krishna, S., “Determination of the Background Doping Polarity for Unintentionally Doped AlGaAsSb and AlInAsSb Avalanche Photodiodes on InP Substrate,” AIP Advances, 2022.

• Martyniuk, P., Rogalski, A. and Krishna, S., “Interband Quantum Cascade Infrared Photodetectors: Current Status and Future Trends,” Physical Review Applied, 2022.

• Lee, S., Arefin, R., Jung, H., Ha, J., Islam Sumon, M.S., Kim, J.S., Krishna, S. and Arafin, S., “Morphological and optical characterization of self-assembled InAlGaAs/GaAs quantum dots,” J Appl Phys, 2022.

• Krishna, S., Lee, S., Kodati, S.H., Schwartz, M., Jung, H., Ronningen, T.J., Guo, B., Jones, A.H., Winslow, M., Campbell, J.C. and Grein, C.H., “Linear Mode Avalanche Photodiodes with Antimonide Multipliers on InP Substrates,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2022.

• Guo, B., Jin, X., Lee, S., Ahmed, S.Z., Jones, A.H., Xue, X., Liang, B., Lewis, H.I.J., Kodati, S.H., Chen, D., Ronningen, T.J., Grein, C.H., Ghosh, A.W., Krishna, S., David, J.P.R. and Campbell, J.C., “Impact Ionization Coefficients of Digital Alloy and Random Alloy Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 in a Wide Electric Field Range,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2022.

• Guo, B., Ahmed, S.Z., Xue, X., Rockwell, A.-K., Ha, J., Lee, S., Liang, B., Jones, A.H., McArthur, J.A., Kodati, S.H., Ronningen, T.J., Krishna, S., Kim, J.S., Bank, S.R., Ghosh, A.W. and Campbell, J.C., “Temperature dependence of avalanche breakdown of AlGaAsSb and AlInAsSb avalanche photodiodes,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2022.

• Schwartz, M., Kodati, S.H., Lee, S., Jung, H., Chen, D., Grein, C., Ronningen, T.J., Campbell, J. and Krishna, S., Determination of doping polarity of unintentionally doped antimonide avalanche photodiodes on InP substrate, 2022, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

• Lee, S., Jung, H., Jin, X., Lewis, H., David, J.P.R. and Krishna, S., MBE growth optimization and device characteristics of Al0.85Ga0.15AsSb avalanche photodiodes on InP substrates, Year, Sheffield, UK, ICMBE 2022.

• Jung, H., Lee, S., Schwartz, M., Guo, B., Grein, C., Campbell, J. and Krishna, S., Growth and characterization of InGaAs/GaAsSb type II superlattice absorbers for 2 µm avalanche photodiodes, 2022, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

• Jung, H., Lee, S., Liu, Y., Jin, X., David, J.P.R. and Krishna, S., Material growth and device characterization of PIN GaAsSb photodiodes on InP substrates for 1.55 μm wavelength detection, 2022, Sheffield, UK, ICMBE 2022.

• Jin, X., Guo, B., Lewis, H., Lee, S., Liang, B., Krishna, S., Campbell, J. and David, J., Excess noise measurements in Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 avalanche photodiodes, 2022, SPIE Photonics Europe.

• Fredricksen, C., Peale, R., Dhakal, N., Barrett, C., Boykin, T., Maukonen, D., Davis, L., Ferrari, B., Chernyak, L., Zeidan, O., Hawkins, S., Klem, J., Krishna, S., Kazemi, A. and Schuler-Sandy, T., Radiation damage and mitigation by minority carrier injection in GaSb/InAs and InAsSb/AlAsSb heterojunction barrier infrared detectors, 2022, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

• David, J.P., Jin, X., Lewis, H.I., Guo, B., Lee, S., Jung, H., Kodati, S.H., Liang, B., Krishna, S. and Campbell, J., Avalanche multiplication and excess noise characteristics in antimony-based avalanche photodiodes, 2022, SPIE Security + Defence.

• Arefin, R., Lee, S., Jung, H., Ha, J., You, W., Ghosh, A., Sumon, M.S.I., Kim, J.S., Krishna, S. and Arafin, S., Effects of Post-growth Thermal Annealing on MBE-grown InAlGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots, 2022, 2022 Compound Semiconductor Week (CSW).

2021

• Winslow, M., Kodati, S.H., Lee, S., Fink, D.R., Ronningen, T.J., Campbell, J.C., Krishna, S. and Grein, C.H., “Simulation of Impact Ionization Coefficients in InAlAs/InAsSb Type-II Superlattice Material Systems,” J Electron Mater, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-09159-1
• Taghipour, Z., Liu, A.W.K., Fastenau, J.M., Lubyshev, D., Nelson, S.A. and Krishna, S., “Investigation of bulk and surface minority carrier lifetimes in metamorphic InAsSb grown on GaAs and Si,” J Appl Phys, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0022317
• Rygała, M., Ryczko, K., Smołka, T., Kujawa, D., Martyniuk, P., Ronningen, T.J., Krishna, S. and Motyka, M., “Investigating the physics of higher-order optical transitions in InAs/GaSb superlattices,” Phys Rev B, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.104.085410
• Pfiester, N.A., Mills, S.A., Budhu, J., Choi, K.-K., Ball, C., Young, S., Grbic, A., Lubyshev, D., Fastenau, J., Liu, A.W.K., Krishna, S., Fulop, G.F., Kimata, M., Zheng, L., Andresen, B.F. and Miller, J.L., Self-aligned etching of subwavelength longwave infrared type-II superlattice pixels, 2021, Infrared Technology and Applications XLVII. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2587766
• Martyniuk, P., Wojtas, J., Michalczewski, K., Gawron, W., Mikołajczyk, J. and Krishna, S., “Demonstration of the long wavelength InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice based methane sensor,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2021.113107
• Lee, S.C., Krishna, S., Jiang, Y.B. and Brueck, S.R.J., “Plasmonic-coupled quantum dot photodetectors for mid-infrared photonics,” Optics Express, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.418686
• Lee, S., Kodati, S.H., Guo, B., Jones, A.H., Schwartz, M., Winslow, M., Grein, C.H., Ronningen, T.J., Campbell, J.C. and Krishna, S., “Low noise Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 avalanche photodiodes on InP substrates,” Appl Phys Lett, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0035571
• Lee, S., Kodati, S.H., Guo, B., Jones, A.H., Schwartz, M., Jung, H., Pfiester, N.A., Winslow, M., Grein, C.H., Ronningen, T.J., Campbell, J.C. and Krishna, S., Thick Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 avalanche photodiodes on InP substrates, Year, Online Only, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2585831
• Krishna, S., Antimonide-Based Avalanche Photodiodes on InP Substrates, Year, 2021 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC). https://doi.org/10.1109/IPC48725.2021.9592949
• Krishna, S., Antimonide-Based Avalanche Photodiodes on InP Substrates, Year, 2021 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID). https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID51799.2021.9521387
• Kodati, S.H., Lee, S., Jones, A.H., Schwartz, M., Winslow, M., Pfiester, N.A., Grein, C.H., Ronningen, T.J., Campbell, J.C. and Krishna, S., Low noise AlInAsSb avalanche photodiodes on InP substrates for 1.55 µm infrared applications, Year, SPIE DCS. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2587884
• Kodati, S.H., Lee, S., Guo, B., Jones, A.H., Schwartz, M., Winslow, M., Pfiester, N.A., Grein, C.H., Ronningen, T.J., Campbell, J.C. and Krishna, S., “AlInAsSb avalanche photodiode on InP substrate,” Appl Phys Lett, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0039399
• Guo, B., Jones, A.H., Lee, S., Kodati, S.H., Liang, B., Xue, X., Pfiester, N.A., Schwartz, M., Winslow, M., Grein, C.H., Ronningen, T.J., Krishna, S. and Campbell, J.C., “Optical constants of Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 and Al0.79In0.21As0.74Sb0.26,” Appl Phys Lett, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0062035
• Fragasse, R., Tantawy, R., Smith, D., Specht, T., Taghipour, Z., Hooser, P.V., Taylor, C., Ronningen, T.J., Fuller, E., Reyner, C., Duran, J., Ariyawansa, G., Krishna, S. and Khalil, W., “Signal and Noise Analysis of an Open-Circuit Voltage Pixel for Uncooled Infrared Image Sensors,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2021.3068595
• Budhu, J., Pfiester, N.A., Choi, K.-K., Young, S., Ball, C., Krishna, S. and Grbic, A., “Dielectric Resonator Antenna-Coupled Antimonide-Based Detectors (DRACAD) for the Infrared,” IEEE T Antenn Propag, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2021.3069522
• Arefin, R., Lee, S., Jung, H., Ha, J., Kim, J.S., Krishna, S. and Arafin, S., MBE Growth and Characterization of InAlGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots, Year, 2021 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID). https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPID51799.2021.9521407

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Spring 2022

ECE 5078: Empowering the Entrepreneurial Engineer

Autumn 2021

ECE 5530: Fundamentals of Semiconductors

Spring 2021

ECE 5078: Empowering the Entrepreneurial Engineer

Autumn 2020

ECE 6533: Infrared Detectors and Systems

Autumn 2019

ECE 3030: Semiconductor Electronic Devices

Autumn 2018

ECE 5530: Fundamentals of Semiconductors for Microelectronics and Photonics

Autumn 2017

ECE 3030: Semiconductor Electronic Devices

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Spring 2022

ECE 4900: Capstone Design

Autumn 2016

ECE 4900: Capstone Design

Spring 2016

ECE 4900: Capstone Design

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Check out the KIND alumni group on LinkedIn!